Everything about Welfare Financial Aid totally explained
» This article is about financial assistance paid by government organizations. For other uses of term welfare, see welfare.
For the means-tested benefit in the United Kingdom, see Income Support.
Welfare is financial assistance paid to people by governments. Some welfare is general, while specific and can only be invoked under certain circumstances, such as a
scholarship. Welfare payments can be made to individuals or to
companies or entities--these latter payments are often considered
corporate welfare.
Individuals may apply for welfare due to
disability, lack of
education or job training, a low demand for unskilled labor, or
substance abuse. Assistance may also take the form of other relief, such as
tax credits for working mothers.
Welfare is known by a variety of names in different countries, all with the avowed purpose of providing an economic or
social safety net for disadvantaged members of society. Almost all
developed nations provide some kind of safety net of this kind; nations where such programs are especially prominent are known as
welfare states.
The desired outcome and purpose of welfare varies. For welfare for the non-disabled, the purpose often is to prevent complete destitution. Welfare or assistance for the disabled, in contrast, doesn't eventually expect non-dependency, and the justification is more
philosophical.
"
Corporate welfare," usually in the form of favorable tax policy, is sometimes used in order to provide
capital to an
industry that the government perceives needs financial assistance in order to survive or to expand, or which the government wishes to support for political or economic purposes.
Some of these ideal outcomes and purposes, as well as welfare's effectiveness have been challenged by political lobbies such as those who oppose
big government and "forced charity", such as
minarchists or
libertarians.
The amounts paid to recipients are typically modest, and may fall below the
poverty line. Recipients must usually demonstrate a low level of income such as by way of "means testing", or financial hardship, or that they satisfy some other requirement such as
childcare responsibilities or disability.
Those receiving unemployment benefits may also have to regularly demonstrate that they're periodically searching for employment. Some countries assign specific jobs to recipients who must work in these roles in order for welfare payments to continue. In the
United States and
Canada, such programs are known as
workfare.
Corporate welfare
Corporate welfare is supposed welfare on a larger scale for entities and companies. The term is often pejorative.
The term was originally coined by
Ralph Nader in 1956. The concept of "corporate welfare" creates a satirical association between corporate
subsidies and
welfare payments to the poor, and implies that corporations are much less needy of such treatment than the poor; as such, the term is usually used by those who oppose such handouts to corporations.
One of the questions on the
World's Smallest Political Quiz asks the reader whether or not he/she supports ending "corporate welfare"; this is one of the questions used to differentiate between different political ideologies (
centrist,
liberal,
conservative,
statist and
libertarian).
History of welfare
There is relatively little statistical data on welfare
transfer payments until at least the
High Middle Ages. In the
medieval period and until the
Industrial Revolution, the function of welfare payments in
Europe was principally achieved through private giving or
charity. In those early times there was a much broader group considered in
poverty compared to the 21st century.
Early welfare programs included the
English Poor Law of
1601, which gave
parishes the responsibility for providing welfare payments to the poor. This system was substantially modified by the nineteenth-century
Poor Law Amendment Act, which introduced the system of
workhouses.
It was predominantly in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that an organized system of state welfare provision was introduced in many countries.
Otto von Bismarck,
Chancellor of
Germany, introduced one of the first welfare systems for the working classes. In
Great Britain the
Liberal government of
Henry Campbell-Bannerman and
David Lloyd George introduced the
National Insurance system in
1911, a system later expanded by
Clement Attlee. The
United States didn't have an organized welfare system until the
Great Depression, when emergency relief measures were introduced under
President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Even then, Roosevelt's
New Deal focused predominantly on a programme of providing work and stimulating the economy through
public spending on projects, rather than on cash payments.
In the late twentieth century, a perception grew that existing welfare systems were becoming excessively bureaucratic and inefficient. The United States
Social Security system has come under particular criticism, and many political figures, such as
George W. Bush, have argued for a more work-based system of welfare provision.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Welfare Financial Aid'.
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